Pupil+Buttons

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BY Alyssa, Issy & Olivia  <<The eye diagram: **  ? **



__**How do the parts of the eye work? **__ The eye has more than fifty parts and they all have a job to keep the eye in focus. First there is the pupil that controls the amount of light that enters the eye. Without the pupil all we would see is just lots and lots of glare, so much that you couldn’t see. Second is the aqueous humor that is a clear watery liquid that is in the anterior chamber in the eye. This keeps the eye healthy with nutrients. The anterior chamber is the space between the cornea and the iris. The cornea is the clear layer at the front of the eye that lets the light in from the object and through the eye to the retina. Then there is the iris that controls how big the pupil is so we don’t let in too much light so it damages your eye. Then there is the lens that bends the light passing through the eye to keep shape. There is the retina that sends messages from light from the cornea to the optic nerve that sends it to the visual which is in the brain. The optic disc is a spot on the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye. The choroid contains the blood vessels in the eye. The sclera protects the eyeball and the vitreous humor is a clear jelly fluid that keeps the eye together. The fovea is used for central vision. Then there is the lacriminal gland and it releases tears and protective fluids around the eye to stop the cornea getting dehydrated. The ciliary body is where the aqueous humor is produced. The ciliary muscle changes the shape of the lens. The conjunctiva protects the front of the eye. The eye lashes and eyebrows keep the dust and other things that may bother or damage the eye so when some dust comes near the eye blinks. Eyelids also protect our eyes. The lacriminal sack is a tiny pump that drains tears. The macula is central vision. Without that we would be blind. The orbital muscles (there are six muscles) control the eye movement. There are two types of cells on the retina; there are cones and rods. Rods see things in the dark and cones see things in the light. There are around one hundred and twenty-five million cones and rods in the retina. The sclera is the white tough wall that protects the insides of the eye and keeps it in shape. The visual cortex is in the brain and processes all the information from the eye. The vitreous cavity is the space between the retina and the lens filled with gel, and zonules are hundreds of string like things that hold the lens in place. These zonules are very thin like very thin clear string.

__** What does the brain control? ** __

 The brain controls **touch**- touching something or feeling something. **Speech**- speaking you can speak loud or soft angry or happy mad mean and so on **the heart-** the heart pumps all the blood to the body **personality intelligences-** how smart you are and how you interact with other people **sight-** seeing something like a picture or land or a pool or beach and so on **cerebrum-** the cerebrum makes up 85% of your brains weight because the cerebrum is the thinking part of your brain and it controls your voluntary muscle the ones that move when you want them to move so you can’t dance or kick a soccer ball with out them. ** Hearing- ** when you hear something **thought-** when you think of something **skill-**you can have skill in sport school like math’s **movement-** when you want your muscles to move they move so if you want to drive or pick something up it will because you have muscles did you know that you have over six hundred bones in your body. **Cerebellum-** the cerebellum holds 85% of your brain weight, it is easy to see why. Te cerebellum is the thinking part of your brain and it controls your voluntary muscles. The ones that move when you want them to move so you can’t dance or kick soccer ball without them Brain diagram:

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 ====== __Facts about the human eye:__


 * Youe eyes are the most complex organs you pocess except for your brain.
 * The average person blinks 12 times per minute- about 10,000 blinks in a day
 * your eyes can process 36,000 bits of information every hour
 * only 1/6th of your eyeball is exposed to the outside of the world
 * Colour blind people do see colour but confuse certain colours in certain conditions.
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Red and Green are the most commonly confused colours among colour blind people.
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Colour blindness is 10 times more common in boys than girls
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The eye is the only part of the human body that can function at 100% ability at any moment, day or night without any rest
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Your eyelashes have an average life span of 5 months. They gradually fall off then grow again.
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The eyeball of a human weighs about 28 grams
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The eye of a human can distinguish 500 shades of the grey
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Peoples eyes read 25% slower from a computer screen than from paper.
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Men are able to read fine print paper better than women can
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The reason why your nose gets runny is when you cry, your tears drain down to your nose
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">It's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. The space between your eyebrows is called the Glabella
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Your eye could focus on 50 things per second
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Your retina contains 120 million rods for night vision and 8 million cones that are colour sensitive and work best in daylight
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Your eyes contribute towords 85% of your total knowledge.
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Humans are very much visual animals.

**<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Fun Brain Facts **
**1.** Every minute about 750ml of blood pumps through your brain.
 * 2.** Your brain makes up about 2% of your body weight.
 * 3.** A human brain is about 75% water.
 * 4.** A human brain is made up of 100 billion neurons.
 * 5.** A human brain weighs about 1350g.
 * 6.** Your brain stops growing at 18 years old.
 * 7.** The brain is pink because of the blood that flows through it.
 * 8.** The brain has 2 sides. The left side controls the right side of your body, while the right side controls the left side of your body.
 * 9.** A newborn baby's brain grows about 3 times in their first year.
 * 10.** While you are awake your brain generates about 25 watts of power.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">**__Nervous System Facts__** > > > <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #00ffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> > > Videos about the nervous system: > media type="youtube" key="z6t9Yss45VI" height="292" width="324"media type="youtube" key="FZ5dD2TtfXw" height="295" width="335" > > > media type="youtube" key="yeGyUXywnFI" height="292" width="323"media type="youtube" key="LU-uQj9nzIM" height="295" width="346" > > > Bibliography:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The human brain alone consists of about a 100 billion neurons. If all these neurons were to be lined up, it would form a 600 mile long line.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">In humans, the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, while the left side of the brain controls the right side.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The diameter of the neurons can range between 4 to 100 microns.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">In a child developing inside the womb, neurons grow at the rate of 250,000 neurons per minute.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The human spinal chord consists of around 13,500,000 neurons. The cluster of nerves located at the base of the spinal chord are most sensitive.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The weight of the brain in average adult males is 1375 grams, while in females it is 1275 grams.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">And as we grow older the brain loses a gram each year.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">At a given point of time, only four percent of the cells in the brain are active, the rest are kept in reserve.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Neurons, which are the largest cells in the human body, do not undergo the process of mitosis.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The nervous system is very quick, it can transmit impulses at a tremendous speed of 100 meters per second. The speed of message transmission to the brain can be as high as 180 miles per hour.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Sodium ions and potassium are necessary constituents to ensure proper functioning of the nervous system. Even Vitamin B is considered to be beneficial for it
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">There are 43 different pairs nerves which connect the [|central nervous system]to every part of our body. Twelve of these nerve pairs are connected to the brain, while the remaining 31 are connected to the spinal chord.
 * (Website)AMA, Brain, 1995-2010, []


 * (Website) Nemours, Eyes 1995-2010, [] 27th april 2010


 * Olivia’s Parents


 * (Website) William sears, BRAIN FOODS, 2006, []


 * (website) howstuffworks inc. How the retina works, 1998-2010, http://health.howstuffworks.com/artificial-vision1.htm


 * Charlie, Webb 2005, http://www.99main.com/~charlief/Blindness.htm


 * (book) Google, DK, Great Britain 2003 pg 140, eyes, __E Encyclopedia__