Big+Brains

=media type="youtube" key="LU-uQj9nzIM" height="383" width="480" align="right"The Human Eye By Lilly and Georginamedia type="file" key="remix respiratory.mp3" width="240" height="20"= __These are some of the parts of the eye chamber- __The space between the cornea and the iris filled with Aqueous Humor __Aqueous humor- __A water like fluid, produced by the Cilliary Body __Canals of schlemm- __These Canals are located around the perimeter of the iris. They allow Aqueous Fluid to drain back into the blood stream __Choroid- __The Choroid is a layer of blood vessels between the Retina and the Sclera; it supplies blood to the retina __Cilliary body- __This is where the Aqueous Humor is produced __Conjunctiva- __The Conjunctiva is a thin, clear membrane covering the front of the eye and inner eyelids. This is the eyes first layer of protection against infection __Cornea- __The cornea is a clear, dome shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. It is the most powerful lens in the eye’s optical system __Favea- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The favia is a little indentation in the centre of the macular. It is the centre of our central vision __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Lacrimal gland- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This gland continually releases tears and other protective fluids into the surface of the eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Lacrimal sac- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The lacrimal sac is a tiny pump that drains tears and other debris from the eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Iris- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the coloured part of your eye and it is located between the cornea and the lens. It also controls how much the pupil opens and closes __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Macula- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This part of the retina is the most sensitive and it is responsible for our central, or reading vision __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Optic chiasm- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the first part of the brain to receive visual input __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Optic disk- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The optic disk is the spot where the optic nerve leaves the eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Optic nerve- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the cable connecting the eye to the brain __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Orbital Muscles- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">6 muscles are in charge of moving your eye and 4 of them move your eye up down left and right then the other 2 control your eyes when you move/twist your head __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Photoreceptor Cells- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">When light falls on to one of these cells, it causes a chemical reaction that sends a zap to your brain __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Cone Cells- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">enables you to see in colour and at daytime __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Rod Cells- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">enables you to see at night or when it gets dark __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Posterior Chamber- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The space between your iris and the front of the lens filled with Aqueous humor __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Pupil- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The part of your eye that controls how much light can get in to your eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Retina- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The retina is the part of your eye that converts light rays through the optic nerve to the brain __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Retinal Blood Vessels- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The blood vessels that you can see when you look into someone’s eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Retinal Pigment Epithelium- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Retinal Pigment Epithelium gets rid of wastes products produced by the Photreceptor Cells __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Sclera- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The sclera is the white, tough part of the eye. I maintains your eyes shape and it protects the inside parts of your eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Uvea- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The uvea is the middle vascular layer of the eye It is made up of three parts: the iris, Cilliary Body and the Choroid __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Visual Axis- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The visual axis is an imaginary line drawn through the centre of the pupil to the centre of the favea __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Visual Cortex- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The part of the brain that process’s and combines visual information from both eyes and converts it into sight __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Vitreous Cavity- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The space between the lens and the retina filled with gel like Vitreous huor __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Vitreos humor- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Vitreous humor is a jelly like fluid that fills most of the eye __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Zonules- __<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Zonules are hundreds of string like fibers the hold the lens suspended in position and enable it to change shape for near or distant vision

= = = = = = = Facts about the eyes =
 * Your eyes are composed of more than 2 million working parts
 * The average person blinks 12 times per minute - about 10,000 blinks in an average day
 * Your eyes can process 36,000 bits of information every hour.
 * Only 1/6th of your eyeball is exposed to the outside world
 * The external muscles that move the eyes are the strongest muscles in the human body for the job that they have to do. They are 100 times more powerful than they need to be.
 * Colour blind people do see colour but confuse certain colours in certain conditions.
 * Red and Green are the most commonly confused colours among colour blind people.
 * Colour blindness is 10 times more common in males than females
 * The eye is the only part of the human body that can function at 100% ability at any moment, day or night, without rest.
 * Your eyelids and the external muscles of your eyes need rest, the lubrication of your eyes requires replenishment, but your eyes themselves never need rest.
 * Your eyelashes have an average life span of 5 months.
 * The eyeball of a human weighs approximately 28 grams.
 * The eye of a human can distinguish 500 shades of the gray.
 * People generally read 25% slower from a computer screen than from paper
 * Men are able to read fine print better than women can.
 * The reason why your nose gets runny when you are crying is because the tears from the eyes drain into the nose.
 * It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. The space between your eyebrows is called the Glabella.
 * Your eye will focus on about 50 things per second.
 * Your retina contains 120 million rods for "night vision", and 8 million cones that are colour sensitive and work best under daylight conditions.
 * Your Eyes contribute towards 85% of your total knowledge.
 * About half of our brain is involved in the seeing process. Humans are very much visual animals.

How we see
The images we see are made up of light reflected from the objects we look at. This light enters the eye through the cornea. Because this part of the eye is curved, it bends the light, creating an upside-down image on the retina (this is eventually put the right way up by the brain).

What happens when light reaches the retina?
The retina is a complex part of the eye, but only the very back of it is light-sensitive. This part of the retina has roughly the area of a 10p coin, and is packed with photosensitive cells called rods and cones. These allow us to see images in colour and detail, and to see at night. Cones are the cells responsible for daylight vision. There are three kinds - each responding to a different wavelength of light: red, green and blue. The cones allow us to see in colour and detail. Rods are responsible for night vision. They are sensitive to light but not to colour. In darkness, the cones do not function at all.

Focusing the image
The lens focuses the image. It can do this because it is adjustable - using muscles to change shape and help us focus on objects at different distances. The automatic focusing of the lens is a reflex response and is not controlled by the brain.

Sending the image to the brain
Once the image is clearly focused on the sensitive part of the retina, energy in the light that makes up that image creates an electrical signal. Nerve impulses can then carry information about that image to the brain through the optic nerve.

__Your Eyes As You Grow__




 * Your eyes begin to develop 2 weeks after conception


 * Your eyes are always the same size from birth, but your nose and ears never stop growing


 * The adult eyeball measures about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter.


 * The older we are the less tears we produce.


 * Babies don’t produce tears in their eyes until they are one to three months old.


 * All babies are colour blind when they are born.


 * Your eyes will never wear out

__Animal Eyes__




 * The largest eyeball on the planet is 18 inches wide, about the size of a large watermelon and it belongs to The Giant Squid.


 * An ant has only two eyes. But each eye contains lots of smaller eyes. This is called a ‘compound eye’


 * Dogs can’t see the difference between the colours red and green.


 * A chameleon's eyes can look in different directions - at the same time!


 * The shark cornea has been used in eye surgery, since its cornea is similar to a human cornea.


 * An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain.


 * Dolphins sleep with one eye open.


 * Many hamsters only blink one eye at a time.


 * The of the Cat is legendary. In order to see, they need only one-sixth as much light as a human. They cannot, however, see in total darkness. When enough light is not available, they use their whiskers to feel their way around.


 * Your cat's eyes offer her almost 285 degrees of sight in three dimensions. Ideal peripheral vision for hunting.


 * Cats do see in color, and can distinguish yellow, blue, and green hues. Their eyes are best, however, at detecting movement, and shades of gray.

The eye in detail


//<span style="font-family: Candara; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">The brain is the most complex organ in the body. It is the organ that allows us to think, have emotions, move, and even dream, it should not be surprising that there are many ways to separate brain parts. Brain parts can be separated on the basis of what they look like to the eye, under a microscope, or by what certain brain parts do. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system and all of the nerves found in our body make up the nervous system. When you see a picture of the brain you probably think of a wrinkled gray blob. Well, the wrinkles are called cortex and it is where the majority of brain cells or neurons are. The cortex can be divided into four main lobes. The ////<span style="font-family: Candara; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">frontal lobe, where you do your heavy thinking, pondering and planning your actions; temporal cortex, where you process sounds and form memories; occipital cortex, where you process all the things that you see; and parietal cortex, where you integrate or makes sense of all of the different bits of information that are bombarding your brain. //

HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR BODY
 * Do exercise very regularly
 * have a good balance between sometimes foods and healthy foods e.g fruits and vegetables
 * wash yourself regularly
 * if you are tired, try to take some time out of your schedule to have a bit of a nap
 * Good night sleep
 * Have a balance between relaxation

Bibliography http://www.sightsavers.org/learn_more/the_eye/the_eye_in_detail/default.html

http://TheHumanEye.com/netspace